English Grammar - A University Course for students
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CONTENTS
1Basic concepts
Module 1 Language and meaning 3
Module 2 Linguistic forms and
syntactic functions 9
Module 3 Negation and expansion
21
Exercises
2The skeleton of the
message: Introduction to clause structure
Module 4 Syntactic functions
and structures of the clause 34
Module 5 Subject and Predicator
42
Module 6 Direct, Indirect and
Prepositional Objects 50
Module 7 Subject and Object
Complements 64
Module 8 Adjuncts 69
Further reading
Exercises
3The development of the
message: Complementation of the verb
Introduction: Major complementation patterns and valency 83
Module 9 Intransitive and
copular patterns 85
Module10 Transitive patterns 90
Module 11 Complementation by nite
clauses 100
Module 12 Complementation by non-nite
clauses 108
Summary of complementation patterns
Further reading
Exercises
4Conceptualising patterns of experience: Processes, participants,
circumstances
Module 13 Conceptualising
experiences expressed as situation types 122
Module 14 Material processes of
doing and happening 128
Module 15 Causative processes 132
Module 16 Processes of transfer
137
Module 17 Conceptualising what we
think, perceive and feel 139
Module 18 Relational processes of
being and becoming 144
Module 19 Processes of saying,
behaving and existing 151
Module 20 Expressing attendant
circumstances 155
Module 21 Conceptualising
experiences from a different angle:
Nominalisation and grammatical metaphor 160
Further reading
Exercises
5Interaction between
speaker and hearer: Linking speech acts and grammar
Module 22 Speech acts and clause
types 176
Module 23 The declarative and
interrogative clause types 180
Module 24 The exclamative and
imperative clause types 190
Module 25 Indirect speech acts,
clause types and discourse functions 197
Module 26 Questions, clause types
and discourse functions 201
Module 27 Directives: getting
people to carry out actions 205
Further reading
Exercises
6Organising the message:
Thematic and information structures of the clause
Module 28 Theme: the point of
departure of the message 222
Module 29 The distribution and
focus of information 238
Module 30 The interplay of ThemeRheme
and GivenNew 246
Further reading
Exercises
7Expanding the message:
Clause combinations
Module 31 Clause combining 272
Module 32 Types of relationship
between clauses 277
Module 33 Elaborating the message
281
Module 34 Extending the message
285
Module 35 Enhancing the message
290
Module 36 Reporting speech and
thought
Further reading
Exercises
8Talking about events: The Verbal Group
Module 37 Expressing our
experience of events
Module 38 Basic structures of the
Verbal Group
Module 39 Organising our
experience of events
Module 40 The semantics of phrasal
verbs
Further reading
Exercises
9Viewpoints on events:
Tense, aspect and modality
Module 41 Expressing location in time
through the verb: tense
Module 42 Past events and present
time connected: Present Perfect and Past Perfect
Module 43 Situation types and the
Progressive aspect
Module 44 Expressing attitudes
towards the event: modality
Further reading
Exercises
10Talking about people
and things: The Nominal Group399
Module 45 Expressing our
experience of people and things 401
Module 46 Referring to people and
things as denite, indenite, generic
Module 47 Selecting and
particularising the referent: the determiner
Module 48 Describing and
classifying the referent: the pre-modier
Module 49 Identifying and
elaborating the referent: the post-modier
Module 50 Noun complement clauses
Further reading
Exercises
11Describing persons,
things and circumstances: Adjectival and Adverbial groups
Module 51 Adjectives and the
adjectival group
Module 52 Degrees of comparison
and intensication
Module 53 Complementation of the
adjective
Module 54 Adverbs and the
adverbial group
Module 55 Syntactic functions of adverbs
and adverbial groups
Module 56 Modication and
complementation in the adverbial group
Further reading
Exercises
12Spatial, temporal and
other relationships: The Prepositional Phrase
Module 57 Prepositions and the
Prepositional Phrase
Module 58 Syntactic functions of
the Prepositional Phrase
Module 59 Semantic features of the
Prepositional Phrase
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